Simplified ChIP-exo assays

Nat Commun. 2018 Jul 20;9(1):2842. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05265-7.

Abstract

ChIP-seq and ChIP-exo identify where proteins bind along any genome in vivo. Although ChIP-seq is widely adopted in academic research, it has inherently high noise. In contrast, ChIP-exo has relatively low noise and achieves near-base pair resolution. Consequently, and unlike other genomic assays, ChIP-exo provides structural information on genome-wide binding proteins. Construction of ChIP-exo libraries is technically difficult. Here we describe greatly simplified ChIP-exo methods, each with use-specific advantages. This is achieved through assay optimization and use of Tn5 tagmentation and/or single-stranded DNA ligation. Greater library yields, lower processing time, and lower costs are achieved. In comparing assays, we reveal substantial limitations in other ChIP-based assays. Importantly, the new ChIP-exo assays allow high-resolution detection of some protein-DNA interactions in organs and in as few as 27,000 cells. It is suitable for high-throughput parallelization. The simplicity of ChIP-exo now makes it a highly appropriate substitute for ChIP-seq, and for broader adoption.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Catalysis
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation / methods*
  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA, Single-Stranded
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Library*
  • Genomics*
  • Humans
  • K562 Cells
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Lung / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Protein Binding
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods
  • Transcription Factors / chemistry

Substances

  • DNA, Single-Stranded
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • DNA
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